In general, knowledge is every conscious experience; in a broader sense, knowledge signifies every intentional presence of an object in the subject; but in a narrower sense (in contrast to mere imagination or thought) it signifies only the true and sure judgement by which the subject knows its relation to the object and the object's relation to being (based on Brugger-21); use 'epistemology' for theories about the validity of knowledge; use 'cognition' for the psychological process of knowledge; use 'psychology' for the psychological study of perception or cognition; use 'knowledge' for insights, truths or information obtained by cognition