All measures aiming at the prevention and early diagnosis of diseases and disorders as well as the prevention of recurrences (based on Brockhaus-21); cf. 'health protection' which comprises safety precautions that seek either to minimise or to eliminate hazardous conditions that can cause bodily injury or disease; cf. 'health promotion' for encouraging consumer behaviours most likely to optimise health potentials through health information, preventive programmes, and access to medical care; use 'preventive medicine' for the medical specialty primarily concerned with prevention of disease and the promotion and preservation of health; use 'hygiene' for the medical specialty concerned with the study of interrelations between humans and the environment, in particular the environmental influence on health